Google has once again demonstrated the magic of technological innovation through its prowess. Today, the Willow quantum chip has delivered a remarkable report card, achieving two groundbreaking breakthroughs in the field of quantum computing.

Since the proposal of quantum error correction theory in 1995, scientists have been tackling one of the most stubborn challenges in quantum computing: how to control the computational errors of qubits. Qubits are extremely fragile and easily affected by environmental noise, leading to information loss. It's like writing on sand; even a slight breeze can erase what you've written.

The Willow chip has completely changed this situation. It not only controls errors while scaling up qubits but also achieves a groundbreaking breakthrough of being "below threshold." Through meticulous engineering design, Willow has successfully reduced the error rate exponentially while increasing the number of qubits. With each expansion from 3x3 to 5x5, and then to 7x7 qubit arrays, the error rate has been consistently halved.

In the RCS standard tests, Willow demonstrated astonishing computational speed. A computation task that would take a traditional computer 10 septillion years (10^25 years) to complete now only takes 5 minutes. This represents a dimensional leap in computational speed.

This achievement is so incredible that even OpenAI CEO Sam Altman shared his congratulations. Industry experts are amazed, suggesting that this could mean training a trillion-parameter AI model in just a few seconds in the future.

image.png

The success of Willow lies not only in quantity but also in quality. The Google team systematically addressed every engineering challenge of the quantum chip at its cutting-edge manufacturing facility in Santa Barbara. From single qubit gates to two qubit gates, and from qubit resets to readouts, every aspect has been meticulously designed and collaboratively optimized.

image.png

Currently, Willow, with 105 qubits, is at the forefront of the world in two major system benchmark tests: quantum error correction and random circuit sampling. Its T1 time (a key indicator of how long a qubit can maintain its excited state) has approached 100 microseconds, marking a significant advancement in quantum computing technology.

image.png

It is noteworthy that Willow's computational capabilities have raised concerns in the industry regarding cryptographic security. In particular, the potential threat to cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin has begun to be a focal point of discussion. Advances in quantum technology may challenge existing cryptographic algorithms faster than anticipated.

Overall, Willow is not just a chip; it is another milestone in human technological innovation. It shows us that on the path of technological development, nothing is impossible.