The "Top Ten Scientific Advances in China" for 2023 encompass significant scientific research achievements across various fields including artificial intelligence, life sciences, and chemical energy. Among these, advancements in large AI models have led to new breakthroughs in precise weather forecasting, unveiled the mechanisms of genomic dark matter driving aging, discovered the regulatory mechanisms of the brain's biological clock, and analyzed the mechanisms of crop tolerance to saline-alkali conditions. Since its inception in 2005, this initiative has been determined through votes from over 2,100 experts including members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, culminating in the selection of 10 major advances.