mPLUG-DocOwl 1.5 is a unified structural learning model dedicated to OCR-free document understanding, achieving direct comprehension of documents through deep learning technologies without the need for traditional Optical Character Recognition (OCR). The model can handle various types of images, including documents, web pages, tables, and charts, supporting structural-aware document parsing, multi-granularity text recognition and localization, as well as question-and-answer capabilities. The development of mPLUG-DocOwl 1.5 is driven by the demand for automated and intelligent document understanding, aiming to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of document processing. Its open-source nature also facilitates further research and application in both academia and industry.